Spreading risk - Financial intermediaries provide a platform where individuals with surplus cash can spread their risk by lending to several people rather than to only one individual. Lending to just one person comes with a higher level of risk. Depositing surplus funds with a financial intermediary allows institutions to lend to various screened borrowers. This reduces the risk of loss through default. The same risk reduction model applies to insurance companies. They collect premiums from clients and provide policy benefits if clients are affected by unforeseeable events like accidents, death, and disease.
Economies of scale - Financial intermediaries enjoy economies of scale since they can take deposits from a large number of customers and lend money to multiple borrowers. The practice helps to reduce the overall operating costs that they incur in their normal business routines. Unlike borrowing from individuals with inadequate funds to loan the requested amount, financial institutions can often access large amounts of liquid cash that they can loan to individuals with a strong credit rating.
ESG investing refers to a method that investors adopt to build investment portfolios based on environment, social, and governance (ESG) as criteria and gain financial returns while positively contributing to the society. In addition, it aims to measure businesses' sustainability by assigning ESG scores to them. ESG investing criteria prevent investors from investing in risky and loss-making companies. Investors can invest in ESG through stocks and funds. First, the ESG scores are used to rank the stocks of a company according to their performance. Then, investors use the scores to invest in companies that align with their beliefs (a)ESG investing refers to investing by an investor in a company based on its contribution to improving the environment, society, and governance. (b)
ESG score measures a company’s commitment to environmental, social, and governance improvement. (c)
It is a safe and high-return investment for the investor and the company as it helps them secure funds and sustainability in their business. (d)
Investors can invest in it by way of ESG stocks and funds.
Moderator:
Susan Mac Cormac, Partner, Morrison & Foerster
United Nations • Climate change refers to long-term shifts in temperatures and weather patterns. Human activities have been the main driver of climate change, primarily due to the burning of fossil fuels like coal, oil and gas.